![]() Augustus Caesar had the whole empire of Rome under him for 41 years.Augustus Caesar was born to Atia, the niece of Julius Caesar and the daughter of Julia Caesaris and Gaius Octavius, the governor of Macedonia who was also a senator of the Roman empire. Octavian would assume the title Augustus, and reign as the first Roman Emperor.Augustus Caesar or Octavian was one of the finest emperors seen in the history of Rome.Following the path made by the great-uncle Julius Caesar for Augustus Caesar, he became the first Roman emperor bringing out peace and prosperity to the land of Rome. With Antony dead, Octavian was left as the undisputed master of the Roman world. Defeated, Antony fled with Cleopatra to Alexandria where they both committed suicide. Antony was defeated by Octavian at the naval Battle of Actium the same year. The Roman Senate, at Octavian’s direction, declared war on Cleopatra’s regime in Egypt and proclaimed Antony a traitor. Finally, disagreements between Octavian and Antony erupted into civil war in the year 31 BCE. With Lepidus expelled in 36 BCE, the Triumvirate finally disintegrated in the year 33. Despite his marriage, Antony continued a love affair with Cleopatra, the former lover of Caesar and queen of Egypt, further straining political ties to Rome. Octavian used Antony’s relationship with Cleopatra to his own advantage, portraying Antony as less committed to Rome. Civil war between Antony and Octavian was averted in 40 BCE, when Antony married Octavian’s sister, Octavia Minor. Relations within the Triumvirate were strained as the various members sought greater political power. Following their victory against Brutus at Phillipi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as military dictators. Octavian eventually reached an uneasy truce with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus in October 43 BCE, and together, the three formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. He was declared a senator and granted the power of military command, imperium, in 43 BCE, and was further able to leverage his successes to obtain the vacant consulships left by the two defeated consuls of that year. Octavian further established himself both politically and militarily in the following months. As public opinion against him mounted, Antony fled to Cisalpine Gaul at the end of his consular year. ![]() The optimate orator, Marcus Tullius Cicero, began attacking Antony in a series of speeches, portraying him as a threat to the republican order of Rome. Octavian allied himself with optimate factions, despite their opposition to Caesar when he was alive. Eventually, many Caesarian sympathizers began to view Octavian as the lesser evil of the two. Mark Antony began amassing political support, and Octavian set about rivaling it. Nonetheless, Antony eventually succeeded in driving most of them out of Rome, using Caesar’s eulogy as an opportunity to mount public opinion against the assassins. Octavian found Mark Antony, Julius Caesar’s former colleague and the current consul of Rome, in an uneasy truce with Caesar’s assassins, who had been granted general amnesty for their part in the plot. The young Octavian quickly took advantage of the situation and ingratiated himself with both the Roman people and his adoptive father’s legions, thereby elevating his status and importance within Rome. Following the assassination of his maternal great-uncle, Julius Caesar, in 44 BCE, Caesar’s will named Octavian as his adopted son and heir when Octavian was only 19 years old. He was from an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian Octavii family. Rise to PowerĪugustus was born Gaius Octavius, and in his early years was known as Octavian. He ruled from 27 BCE until his death in 14 CE. The founder of the Roman Empire, known as Octavian during his early years and during his rise to power.Īugustus is regarded by many scholars as the founder and first emperor of the Roman Empire. He was eventually defeated by Octavian at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE. Julius Caesar’s right hand man, and a member of the Second Triumvirate.
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